After heavy losses for his party in local elections, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez called for early parliamentary elections to be held on 23 July 2023 (AP, Politico, Politico - Spain Poll of Polls). The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), to which Sánchez belongs, won 120 seats in the Congress of Deputies in the November 2019 general election, with PP winning 88 and Vox winning 52 (Guardian). If two or more parties are on the party lists that includes PP and/or Vox, the seat count for that party list would count (European Parliament - 2019 Spanish Election Results, see "PSOE/PSC," a list that included both the PSOE and the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)).

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The question closed "Yes, but the combined seat total for PP and Vox will not represent a majority of all seats" with a closing date of 23 July 2023.

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