Reports in the fall of 2021 indicated a build-up of Russian forces near the border of Ukraine amid increased tensions with the West (Politico, REF/RL). A qualifying lethal confrontation is one that results at least three fatalities (total, not each) for the national military forces and/or law enforcement of either side.

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NOTE 8 November 2021: Cyberattacks would not count.

NOTE 11 January 2022: The fatalities must be the result of the same lethal confrontation to count.

The question closed "Yes" with a closing date of 23 February 2022.

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