A US federal government shutdown began on 1 October 2025, after Democrats refused to back a continuing resolution, citing spending cuts approved as as part of Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill" in July 2025 (BBC, CBS News). For the purposes of this question, the "shutdown" will end upon funding appropriation legislation becoming law. A partial end (i.e., appropriations made for some but not all departments) will not count (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget).

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